The structure of Itonama body-part terms
I will discuss the relation between body-part terms and a series of extremely productive derivational locative and directional prefixes – as cho- ‘inside’ in (1), which play an important role in predicate locatives and word formation in general. Moreover, I will try to give an explanation for the high number of body-part terms (ca. 50%) with reduplicated elements (2), which, interestingly, are also found in locative nouns (3). Finally, I will try to draw a parallel between Itonama body-part terms and Pano-Takanan body-part prefixes (Fleck 2012; Zariquiey & Fleck 2012; Zariquiey & Valenzuela 2022).
(1)
ihwana cho-’eta ah-mi-ku
Juan inside-clf:standing.sg 3sg-rel-house
‘Juan is at home.’ (lit. ‘in his house’)
(2)
-chochono
uh-kay-chochono ‘knee joint'
uh-pa-kos-chochono ‘throat’
-chachano
uh-ka-chachano ‘eyelid’
oh-ni-was-chachano ‘shin’
-kakano
uh-mu-kakano ‘upper leg
uh-pa-chu-kakano ‘shoulder
-papano
uh-ka-papano ‘jaw joint, cheek’
uh-ma-papano ‘wrist’
(3)
oh-chochono ‘the inside’
uh-na-chochono ‘the inside of an oxcart’
uh-nu-chachano ‘point (of an arrow)’
uh-wa-chachano ‘edge (of the village/ forest)’
uh-chas-kakano ‘corner’
uh-na-kakano ‘top, the high place’
uh-mas-cha-papano ‘branch (of a tree)’
uh-papano ‘the highest point of the roof’
References
Fleck, David W. 2012. Body-part prefixes in Panoan and Takanan. Paper presented at
Amazónicas 4, April 27, 2012, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.
http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/172802.
Zariquiey Biondi, Roberto, and David W. Fleck. 2012. Prefixation in Kashibo-Kakataibo: Synchronic or diachronic derivation? International Journal of American Linguistics 78(3): 385–409.
Zariquiey, Roberto, and Pilar M. Valenzuela. 2022. Body-part nouns, prefixation, incorporation, and compounding in Panoan and Takanan: Evidence for the Pano-Takanan hypothesis? In The Grammar of Body-Part Expressions: A View from the Americas, ed. by Roberto Zariquiey and Pilar M. Valenzuela, 441–466. Oxford: Oxford University Press.